Personalised Cancer Vaccines for Dogs

The most common malignant skin tumour in dogs. Well-characterised driver mutations (KIT, GNB1) make neoantigen prediction particularly tractable. The adjuvant setting — following surgical removal — is the strongest use case.

Oral melanoma is aggressive and often metastatic. Canine melanoma shares key molecular features with human melanoma — the cancer type where personalised mRNA vaccines have shown their strongest human clinical results (49% recurrence reduction at five years).

The most common primary bone tumour in dogs, particularly large and giant breeds. Mirrors human osteosarcoma in genomic landscape and clinical behaviour. Known drivers include TP53 (71% of cases), SETD2, and DMD. Typically treated post-amputation, making the adjuvant setting feasible.

One of the most common canine cancers overall. Haematological cancers present different challenges for neoantigen vaccines compared to solid tumours — the evidence base is less developed, but personalised approaches are being explored in human lymphoma trials.

An aggressive cancer of blood vessel cells, common in Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds, and Labrador Retrievers. Often diagnosed late, making early detection and post-surgical adjuvant treatment particularly relevant.

A diverse group of tumours arising from connective tissue. Often locally invasive with moderate metastatic potential. Post-surgical adjuvant treatment — where personalised vaccines are strongest — is a natural fit.